Final Exam – Financial Institution

Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes 1. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger III What is the difference between the spot market and the futures market In the spot market, trades are executed immediately, i. e. real time. In the futures markets, which is a derivatives market, trades are agreed upon today but settled lat later dates in the future. 2. What is the main difference between the money markets and capital markets? Money markets are for short-term security exchanges, i. e. less than 270 days. The capital markets are for long-term security exchanges, i. e. greater than one year. 3.What are four requirements to transfer capital within an efficient market? a. b. c. d. e. f. Stable Government Low Inflation Savings (personal, corporate, fiscal) Competition Disclosure (transparency) Fair market rules (legal system) 4. Draw the difference between direct and indirect capital formation process. Business Securities Dollars Savers Business 5. Financial Intermed. Savers De scribe the purpose of an investment banking house. a. Design Sellable Securities b. Buy securities from corporations c. Resell to ‘savers’ (broker transactions) 6. Name two sources of funds for Financial Intermediaries. . Deposits (lenders, credit unions, pension funds) b. Premiums (life insurance) c. Share issuance (mutual funds) Name four main roles for depository institutions. a. Offer deposit accounts 7. All problems equally weighted Page 1 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes b. c. d. e. 8. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger III Repackage (warehouse) deposit accounts Underwrite risk on loans â€Å"Expertise† in quantifying creditworthiness Provide diversification for placed loans What are the unique characteristics for a credit union separating it from other depository institutions? . b. c. d. Not for profit All business restricted to members All members share a common bond (geography, employer) Small (relatively) depository institutio n 9. Name two of the securities found in the Money Markets. a. Treasuries b. Commercial Paper 10. Name two of the securities found in the Capital Markets. a. b. c. d. Fixed income securities Mortgages Securitized products Equity 11. Define â€Å"Derivative†. An asset for which the value is derived from an underlying asset. 12. A wife purchases insurance on her husband (the marriage is loving). What type of â€Å"trader† is the wife?A â€Å"hedger† as the wife is not purchasing the instrument to profit from the loss of her husband but to provide financial security should the husband expire. The strategy is loss-minimization and therefore a hedge. 13. Name two large risks when investing abroad. a. Country Risk b. Foreign Exchange Risk c. Interest Rate Risk Note: B&C could be considered parallel due to interest rate parity. All problems equally weighted Page 2 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes 14. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger III Wha t is considered the leading Federal District Bank?New York Federal Reserve 15. Name three operations performed by Federal District Banks. a. b. c. d. e. Clear Checks Replace old currency Provide loans through discount window) Collect economic data Research 16. How many district banks are there in the Federal Reserve system? 12 17. Name five sources of data used by the FOMC. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. Wages Consumer prices Unemployment GDP Business inventories Foreign Exchange Rates Interest Rates Financial Market Conditions Production Levels Business Investment Residential Construction International Trade International Economic Growth 18.Why does the Federal Reserve perform Open Market Operations? a. Increase/decrease level of funds in market b. Offset impact of other conditions that affect level of funds, e. g. holiday traffic 19. Why is the reserve requirement ratio important? Represents the proportion of deposits that must be held as reserves for a financial instituti on. It is one of the determinants of the money supply. 20. What are the two rates that the Federal Reserve sets? a. Federal Funds Rate b. Discount Rate All problems equally weighted Page 3 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes 21. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger IIIWhat are the four components of GDP? GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Net Exports 22. What are the goals of the Federal Reserve? a. Control inflation (price stability) at 2. 00% b. Promote Growth 23. What are the goals of the ECB? a. Control inflation (price stability) at 2. 00% 24. What are the relative sizes of each asset class in the U. S.? Fixed Income ($32,000bn) Real Estate ($20,000bn) Equities ($18,000bn) Note: In 2006, Real Estate was the largest asset class but has suffered from over $10,000bn in losses over the current financial crisis and still losing†¦ 25. What is LIBOR?London Interbank Offering Rate: Rate that 16 large global commercial banks lend 10 differe nt currencies at 15 different maturities to each other in the overnight market. 26. The world is safe and growth permeates most economies. Explain what this means for the borrowing rate for the US government using a Supply/Demand curve and cash flow diagram for Treasuries. Price S P0 P1 D Quantity P As price decreasing, yield increases, i. e. it costs more for the U. S. government to borrow. All problems equally weighted Page 4 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes 27. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger IIIDraw the cash flow diagram for a zero coupon bond. 28. What are three methods that a financial institution uses to manage interest rate risk? a. b. c. d. e. Maturity matching Using floating-rate loans Using interest rate futures contracts Using interest rate swaps Using interest rate caps 29. Why do financial institutions sell their own underwritten loans? a. b. c. d. Maintain services (fee based income) Sell asset (earn positive spread) Sell asset (negative spread but significantly reduced risk exposure) Turnover of capital 30. What are the three main banking regulators in the U. S.? a. Comptroller of Currency b.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) c. Federal Reserve 31. What is the current insurance limit by account offered to private investors by the FDIC? $250,000 32. What was important about Glass-Steagall? a. Separated banking and securities activities b. Prevented any firm that accepted deposits from underwriting stocks and bonds of corporation c. Intended to prevent conflicts of interest 33. What important about Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act a. Repealed Glass-Steagall b. Allowed affiliation between banks, securities firms, and insurance companies 34. What was most important about Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)? All problems equally weightedPage 5 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes a. b. c. d. 35. Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger III Increased transparency of reporting Internal reporting processes required Centr al database of information required Executives personally verifying (signing) financial statements What was Basel? Basel I Accord 1988: 12 major countries agreed on uniform capital standards Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital adequacy Basel II: Revision of the measurement of credit risk; explicitly account for operational risk; requires more disclosure about exposure risk Basel III: Global regulatory standards for capital adequacy and risk.Fully phased in by 2019. 36. What are CAMELs Ratings? Rating system for banks: Capital Adequacy Asset Quality Management Earnings Liquidity Sensitivity 37. What is Value-at-Risk? Risk measure that quantifies size of risk to a given confidence level over a finite period of time. 38. What is important about Dodd-Frank? Unlike SOX, it includes large private entities under the veil of regulation, e. g. hedge funds, that pose systemic risk. Also intended to add transparency and force OTC products to trade across exchanges for greater transparency. Potentially d isconnected motivations of employees and corporations for reporting fraud, i. . employees (possibly former) share in a portion of an SEC fine recovered. (note: Dodd-Frank is 2319 pages so many answers will be given full credit. The above are important highlights, but again, there is a breadth of correct answers for this question) 39. Who is the current Federal Reserve Chairperson? Ben Bernanke 40. Who is the current Treasurer AND Johns Hopkins University Graduate? All problems equally weighted Page 6 of 7 Financial Insitutions Closed book, Closed Notes Tim Geithner Final Examination Fall 2011 Roger Staiger III All problems equally weighted Page 7 of 7